Botox injections

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Botox / Botox - basic information
Botox is the most popular method for smoothing wrinkles mainly in the upper part of the face (called facial wrinkles), the treatment involves injection of a low dose in a few carefully chosen places on the face, it lasts usually from 15 to 30 minutes. Botox prevents the flow of nerve impulses flowing from the brain to the selected muscle tissue, which in turn does not stop work that is not wrinkled and creased. The effects are noticeable after only two or three days, the end result is already visible on the seventh day.

History

Botox was introduced in the late 1980s by ophthalmologists for the treatment of disorders of muscle contraction. It was approved by the FDA Cosmetic in 2002, helping millions of patients get rid of the annoying wrinkles on the face. Today, Botox is used for treatment of eye muscle spasms, problems with eye coordination, excessive sweating, and as an anti-wrinkle treatment for crow's feet, wrinkles between the brows, and to remove wrinkles on the forehead. Is the subject of research in treating many other diseases: from the knee, osteoarthritis of the hip joint and temporal disorder (TMJ) for migraine headache and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

About the surgery

Botox typically reduces wrinkles by about 80 percent. Patients are usually aged 35 - 60 years. The effects may not all be the same, one must also remember that they are temporary. You have to plan further treatments, if you want long-term effects. Botox injection is performed in a doctor's office, usually without anesthesia. patients may experience certain minimal discomfort associated with needle injections. Depending on the area where treatment will be applied, the procedure may take 15 to 30 minutes. Patients should return home after the procedure. Selection of points to be administered Botox is key to the success of the surgery, peeled places are highlighted with a pencil. Your doctor may choose a few points for each place of injection to achieve a better effect. These points do not necessarily have to be on the same wrinkles, but the area where the muscle, you can expect from 1 to 5 injections per one muscle.

After surgery

Shortly after the Botox treatment should take care to limit the movements of the muscles adjacent to those in which the preparation is injected. Botox effects persist about 3 to 5 months. If you feel the apparent disappearance of its effects should undergo further treatment.

Contraindications

So, when you should not give up Botox treatments:

In disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
During Periods or Pregnancy.
In the period of feeding a baby.
When you are allergic to human albumin.
In Alzheimer's disease or ALS.
When Taking of drugs to improve heart rate.
In diseases of the muscles.
taking the following medications during or after a period of seven days of withdrawal:
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, amikacin, etc.).
Aminochinolony (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine).
Lincomycin, tetracycline, polymyxin.
D-penicillamine (Cuprenil).
Tubocurarine, pancuronium, galamina.
Succinylcholine.
In addition, before surgery, tell your doctor about taking medicines or pharmaceutical preparations.

Undesirable effects

After botox, up to about 4 weeks may have the effect of muscle relaxation (corner of his mouth drooping, drooping eyelids).
Slight tingling in the place of infection.
Small hematomas, visible in places where they could find a needle in a blood vessel.
These effects are rare and are transient (2 to 5 weeks).

Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and is considered the most powerful neurotoxin ever discovered. Botulinum toxin causes Botulism poisoning, a serious and life-threatening illness in humans and animals.[1][2] When introduced intravenously in monkeys, type A (Botox Cosmetic) of the toxin exhibits an LD50 of 40-56 ng, type C1 around 32 ng, type D 3200 ng, and type E 88 ng, rendering the above types some of the most powerful neurotoxins known.[3] Popularly known by one of its trade names, Botoxor Dysport or Xeomin, it is used for various cosmetic and medical procedures.

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Botox (botulinum toxin also called) is now the most popular and most effective form of wrinkle removal (mostly facial) of the upper part of the face (crow's feet, smoker's lines and the so-called lion's wrinkle or furrow between the eyebrows) and is a preventative treatment. Treatments with botox'u rely on the injection of small doses of a few carefully chosen places face. Thanks botox'owi nerve impulses flowing from the brain to muscle tissues selected are blocked so you do not work to prevent wrinkles. In the 80 'Botox has been used as a medicinal preparation for disturbances of muscle contractions from the twenty-first century, however, it is used in cosmetology and has become popular among women and is one of the safest of patent. Treatments with botox'u reduce up to 80% of wrinkles, but you must remember that the treatment is temporary and should be repeated to maintain long-lasting effect. Contraindications for this botox'u pregnancy, diseases of the nervous system and cardiac muscle disease and Alzheimer's. With injections botox'u uses more and more men. Before performing the surgery, many doctors proposed revitalization of the skin - especially in those with high flaccidity of the skin, increases the effectiveness of treatment. Procedures performed in doctors' surgeries without anesthesia. Smoothing the skin on the face are particularly concerned with plastic surgeons, surgeons specializing in aesthetic medicine and dermatologists. In recent years, mass was salons offer treatments "botulism" and so the same treatment botox'u became open to public inspection. Interesting that Botox may have been distributed in over 40 countries.

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Mechanism of action

Once injected into the skin a small dose of botulinum toxin type A - obtained from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, there is a blockade of the nerves that supply the glands of external secretion. This prevents the release of their sweat. Nerve endings lock lasts for 6-12 months, after which new nerve endings are formed by replacing the previously blocked. This means that the effect of treatment utrzymue for several months, but eventually disappears.
It is currently the most widely used and recommended method. According to statistics 80% of patients respond well, but there are people who are after the treatment has no effect or the effect is unsatisfactory. This happens in 20% of patients, and this remains the use of antiperspirants and other treatments.

The course of treatment:

Before starting treatment should be carefully defined field hyperhidrosis. Most places require botulinum toxin injection overlap in a visible drops of sweat. However, sometimes a specific identification of this field is extremely difficult in this order shall be called. iodine-starch test (Minor test). It consists of a lubricated with iodine, and then sprinkled with potato starch. Search areas after a few - a few seconds more and more are blackened. Found site Hyperhidrosis is divided into squares of 1.5 x 1.5 cm with a gentian violet solution, eg.
The treatment involves administration of shallow intradermally into each square of a small amount of botulinum toxin. For most people the procedure is slightly painful, but sensitive people may be anesthetized. In general, surgery performed on the hands and feet require anesthesia. The procedure itself takes only a few dozen minutes, followed by a return to daily activities. The effect is visible after a few - a few days, and lasts several months and lasts up to a year (armpit). Then I need to repeat.

Side effects

sometimes up to several hours, may persist for local pain,
the treatment of excessive sweating armpits there were no complications that could arise out of a slight itching around the armpits, that passes without treatment after 1-2 weeks,
sometimes observed in other parts of the compensatory sweating, also passing a few weeks,
the treatment of excessive sweating palms in a few days after surgery was observed transient muscle weakness, inability involving a visit, especially the fifth finger, thumb and execution rarely strong handshake. These symptoms, however, not completely interfere with the performance of daily activities. This condition may prove to be unacceptable in such a pianist,
there is little risk of symptoms of "flu-like" (fatigue, low body temperature wzzrost, myalgia) - this ailment subsides within a few days;
Contraindications

a) absolute:

abnormal neuromuscular (myasthenia gravis, Lambert Eaton syndrome)
hypersensitivity to components of the preparation (human albumin)
use the following drugs or up to 1 week after their withdrawal:
-Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, etc.)
-Aminochinolony (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine)
-D-penicillamine (Cuprenil)
-Cyclosporin
-Tubocurarine, pancuronium, galamina
-Succinylcholine
-Lincomycin, tetracycline, polymyxin
Local skin infections
pregnancy, lactation
b) relative:

coagulation disorders
antykoagulacyjnych medication (eg aspirin)

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Mechanism of action

Botulinum toxin - commonly known as botulism - is a very potent natural toxin that causes inhibition of the release of acetylcholine - a neurotransmitter responsible for przekaźnictwo impulses between nerves and muscles. Botulinum toxin works by blocking nerve connections between the ends and the muscles innervated by them, or so-called blocks. neuromuscular synapse - the muscle. The toxin binds to presynaptic membrane of motor plates and blocks release of acetylcholine, which causes the muscles relax and wrinkles for a while rozprostowywują up. This process is used in medicine.

Botulinum toxin is used to treat strabismus, neurological diseases with excessive muscle tension, as well as for the treatment of excessive sweating and facial wrinkles liquidation. Given by injection works locally, but because the nerve fiber has the ability to create new connections, the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin decreases and disappears after about 4-6 months. The treatment should then be repeated.

Botulinum toxin is the strongest known biological toxin. Is a neurotoxin produced by anaerobic rod Clostridium botulinum. We know the seven types of toxin antigen labeled from A - G. The poisoning occurs in humans after ingestion of contaminated canned food, mainly type A, B and E. The most commonly used for aesthetic purposes pharmacological preparations of botulinum toxin type A:

Botox ® - Allergan
Vistabel ® - Allergan (which is exactly the formulation of Botox placed in a vial containing 50 units of botulinum toxin, Botox contains 100 units in 1 vial).
Azzalure ® - Galderma's

Botulinum toxin preparations used in medicine are produced from laboratory strains of bacteria isolated, cleaned and vacuum packed in a strictly measured doses. Botuline is safely and effectively used in many fields of medicine.

In dermatology, aesthetic, giving the Botox ® to smooth wrinkles, operates on the order of 20-60 units of doses during one treatment. So apply it in a very small, closely matched for the patient doses, which operate only at the injection site. The systemic toxicity can not talk, because toxic doses for humans range from 2.5 to 3 thousand. units.

Azzalure ® contains Speywood units, calculated as the median lethal dose in mice following intraperitoneal administration of the preparation. You can not convert units Azzalure ® formulation of Botox ® units.

The difference between these formulations is based on different molecular weight (900 kDa and 500-kDa Botox Azzalure), which affects the degree of diffusion of both toxins. Azzalure is more diffuse, thus blocking the larger area of ​​muscle as compared to Botox, giving a more pronounced relaxation. However, an overwhelming drawback is the lack of opportunities Azzalure administration in place "precisely" where we want to give a small amount of preparation and relax only a small portion of muscle (eg, lower eyelid, surrounding the mouth).

Indications

This preparation is intended for people who want to get rid of wrinkles mainly in the upper part of the face, the facial wrinkles. These are wrinkles that are often already in very young people, because they are associated with vivid facial expressions. In the case of very deep wrinkles and firmly fixed you may need to complete the procedure by filling in wrinkles with hyaluronic acid. It can also be combined with other methods of face lifting.

Botulinum toxin is widely used in removing wrinkles:

between the eyebrows (wrinkles "lion", glabellar region),
lateral face,
around the eyes (crow's feet),
other: the lower eyelids, around mouth, chin, neck;
In dermatology, in addition to the use of botox for wrinkles, it is used to treat excessive sweating of hands, feet and armpits. Injections of botulinum toxin is also recommended for the treatment of disorders associated with tics kurczami muscles and, in the treatment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy, in ophthalmology for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm. Botox can also liberate us from the headaches - given in the appropriate area of ​​the forehead and neck cures migraine.

The course of treatment

Botulinum toxin is injected using a disposable syringe with a very fine needle. A small amount of product is injected precisely into several locations on the face. The procedure takes a short time. Depending on the number of treated areas (injection points), it takes about 15-20 minutes. Pain associated with injection is minimal. Many patients describe it for a few bites of an ant or mosquito. The procedure requires local anesthesia. Because patient comfort is sometimes used anesthetic cream (EMLA) for about 1 hour before surgery.

After surgery

Wrinkles completely or partially liquidate in facial expression softens, looks natural, the overall facial expression finds preserved. The dose used for cosmetic purposes is many times lower than the therapeutic dose and completely safe. Is selected individually depending on your needs.
Botulinum toxin takes effect after 2 -3 days after injection. While the full therapeutic effect is visible only after 7-10 days. The effect persists after surgery an average of 3-6 months. It depends on the individual characteristics of the organism.
After this period of facial expression gradually returns. After complete termination of botulinum toxin, treatment must be repeated. If for various reasons, the patient can not undergo another surgery this and so his skin will benefit most. Face after one procedure - or about half a year of botulinum toxin, looks younger, is more relaxed. Wrinkles are often shallow. This is the result of additional botulinum toxin action, based on the fact that for half a year when we do not wrinkling forehead movements or movements responsible for the "crows feet" skin a rest, so after the termination of its activities, and so it looks younger. We invest in this way in the future by giving the skin a half years of rest.

Therapy with botulinum toxin for aesthetic purposes is relatively simple, is performed on an outpatient basis, requires no specific diagnostic tests and immediately after the patient can return to their daily activities.

Contraindications

1) absolute:

abnormal neuromuscular (myasthenia gravis, Lambert Eaton syndrome)
hypersensitivity to components of the preparation (human albumin)
use the following drugs or up to 1 week after their withdrawal:
-Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, etc.)
-Aminochinolony (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine)
-D-penicillamine (Cuprenil)
-Cyclosporin
-Tubocurarine, pancuronium, galamina
-Succinylcholine
-Lincomycin, tetracycline, polymyxin
Local skin infections
pregnancy, lactation
2) relative:

coagulation disorders
antykoagulacyjnych medication (eg aspirin)
Side effects

pain at the injection,
Small hematomas that may occur at the injection site if the needle hits the small vessel,
excessive lowering brow lift, or too large for the treatment of wrinkles leading,
small, transient swelling of the appearance of a gentle tingling sensation at the injection site,
excessive relaxation of muscles (ptosis, drooping corner of the mouth),
headache, retiring after treatment of pain;
Note: These reactions are transient, most of them usually subsides after a few days. The effect of excessive muscle relaxation may persist for 2-6 weeks.

There is no risk of any scarring or damage, and the injection site is visible. Risk of adverse reactions depends on the muscle, which is administered preparation and should be thoroughly discussed with your doctor before surgery.

Management after surgery

within 0.5-1 hours. exercise the facial muscles in the injection sites,
Avoid massage in places of injections,
within 4 hours. after surgery did not tilt the head to the bottom (eg zawiązywaniu shoes or during sleep),
if possible avoid alcohol and smoking for 24 hours after surgery (less potent botulinum toxin),
avoid differential pressure (air travel, scuba diving) for 24 hours after surgery;
Do Botuline is only for women?

Botuline is equally effective in men and women. In practice, men are increasingly turning to the treatment to look younger. Effectiveness in removing the causes worry lines, that this method is popular with many businessmen, giving them a freshness and increasing affordability for example in the negotiations.

Repeat treatments

Treatments can be repeated every 6 - 8 months of not less than 3 months. This is one of those treatments to which patients return willingly, because it gives a very quick and long-lasting effects that everyone around you notice while it is non-invasive and simple procedure performed.

Examples of effects pozabiegowych: Botox

Female - tries to call the "crow's feet"

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